Horsetail contains several active components that can give biological effect or interact with other substances. Examples of minerals are silicon, silica, calcium, manganese, magnesium, and sulphur. Other chemical constituents include phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, phytosterols, and tannin. Horsetail also contains alkaloids, such as equisetin, nicotine, palustrine, and palustrinine.
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Depending on the mode of administration, horsetail can be prepared in many ways. For internal application, horsetail is typically administered as herbal tea 3 times daily by pouring hot water onto 2-3 tsp of dried herb and steeping for 5-10 minutes, or similarly, 1-4ml of tincture can be administered 3 times daily. In addition, standardized capsule containing dried herb can be found over the counter. For external application, horsetail is prepared as a poultice with 10g of herb per 1 L of water to be used as a vulnerary, compressed on wounded and sore areas.
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